Roflumilast inhibits tumor growth and migration in STK11/LKB1 deficient pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system. It is highly aggressive, easily metastasizes, and extremely difficult to treat. This study aimed to analyze the genes that might regulate pancreatic cancer migration to provide an essential basis for the prognostic assessment of pancreatic cancer and individualized treatment. A CRISPR knockout library directed against 915 murine genes was transfected into TB 32047 cell line to screen which gene loss promoted cell migration. Next-generation sequencing and PinAPL.py- analysis was performed to identify candidate genes. We then assessed the effect of serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) knockout on pancreatic cancer by wound-healing assay, chick agnosia (CAM) assay, and orthotopic mouse pancreatic cancer model. We performed RNA sequence and Western blotting for mechanistic studies to identify and verify the pathways. After accelerated Transwell migration screening, STK11 was identified as one of the top candidate genes. Further experiments showed that targeted knockout of STK11 promoted the cell migration and increased liver metastasis in mice. Mechanistic analyses revealed that STK11 knockout influences blood vessel morphogenesis and is closely associated with the enhanced expression of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), especially PDE4D, PDE4B, and PDE10A. PDE4 inhibitor Roflumilast inhibited STK11-KO cell migration and tumor size, further demonstrating that PDEs are essential for STK11-deficient cell migration. Our findings support the adoption of therapeutic strategies, including Roflumilast, for patients with STK11-mutated pancreatic cancer in order to improve treatment efficacy and ultimately prolong survival.

Photochemical Transformation of Dissolved Organic Matter in Surface Water Augmented the Formation of Disinfection Byproducts.

Sunlight may lead to changes in disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation potentials of source water via transforming dissolved organic matter (DOM); however, the underlying mechanisms behind these changes remain unclear. This work systematically investigated the effect of photochemical transformation of DOM from reservoir water (DOMRe) and micropolluted river water (DOMRi) after 36 h of simulated sunlight irradiation (equivalent to one month under natural sunlight) on DBPs formation. Upon irradiation, high molecular weight (MW) and aromatic molecules tended to be mineralized or converted into low-MW and highly oxidized (O/C > 0.5) ones which might react with chlorine to generate high levels of DBPs, resulting in an elevation in the yields (µg DBP/mg C) of almost all the measured DBPs and the quantities of unknown DBPs in both DOM samples after chlorination. Additionally, DOMRi contained more aromatic molecules susceptible to photooxidation than DOMRe. Consequently, irradiated DOMRi exhibited a greater increase in the formation potentials of haloacetonitriles, halonitromethanes, and specific regulated DBPs, with nitrogenous DBPs being responsible for the overall rise in the calculated cytotoxicity following chlorination. This work emphasized the importance of a comprehensive removal of phototransformation products that may serve as DBPs precursors from source waters, especially from micropolluted source waters.

Increased long-distance and homo-trans interactions related to H3K27me3 in Arabidopsis hybrids.

In plants, the genome structure of hybrids changes compared with their parents, but the effects of these changes in hybrids remain elusive. Comparing reciprocal crosses between Col × C24 and C24 × Col in Arabidopsis using high-throughput chromosome conformation capture assay (Hi-C) analysis, we found that hybrid three-dimensional (3D) chromatin organization had more long-distance interactions relative to parents, and this was mainly located in promoter regions and enriched in genes with heterosis-related pathways. The interactions between euchromatin and heterochromatin were increased, and the compartment strength decreased in hybrids. In compartment domain (CD) boundaries, the distal interactions were more in hybrids than their parents. In the hybrids of CURLY LEAF (clf) mutants clfCol × clfC24 and clfC24 × clfCol , the heterosis phenotype was damaged, and the long-distance interactions in hybrids were fewer than in their parents with lower H3K27me3. ChIP-seq data revealed higher levels of H3K27me3 in the region adjacent to the CD boundary and the same interactional homo-trans sites in the wild-type (WT) hybrids, which may have led to more long-distance interactions. In addition, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) located in the boundaries of CDs and loop regions changed obviously in WT, and the functional enrichment for DEGs was different between WT and clf in the long-distance interactions and loop regions. Our findings may therefore propose a new epigenetic explanation of heterosis in the Arabidopsis hybrids and provide new insights into crop breeding and yield increase.

Mapping nucleosome-resolution chromatin organization and enhancer-promoter loops in plants using Micro-C-XL.

Although chromatin organizations in plants have been dissected at the scales of compartments and topologically associating domain (TAD)-like domains, there remains a gap in resolving fine-scale structures. Here, we use Micro-C-XL, a high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C)-based technology that involves micrococcal nuclease (instead of restriction enzymes) and long cross-linkers, to dissect single nucleosome-resolution chromatin organization in Arabidopsis. Insulation analysis reveals more than 14,000 boundaries, which mostly include chromatin accessibility, epigenetic modifications, and transcription factors. Micro-C-XL reveals associations between RNA Pols and local chromatin organizations, suggesting that gene transcription substantially contributes to the establishment of local chromatin domains. By perturbing Pol II both genetically and chemically at the gene level, we confirm its function in regulating chromatin organization. Visible loops and stripes are assigned to super-enhancers and their targeted genes, thus providing direct insights for the identification and mechanistic analysis of distal CREs and their working modes in plants. We further investigate possible factors regulating these chromatin loops. Subsequently, we expand Micro-C-XL to soybean and rice. In summary, we use Micro-C-XL for analyses of plants, which reveal fine-scale chromatin organization and enhancer-promoter loops and provide insights regarding three-dimensional genomes in plants.

Novel multiplexed alkali enzyme lysis coupled with EDTA pretreatment for RNA virus extraction from wastewater sludge: Optimization, recovery, and detection.

RNA viruses are readily enriched in wastewater sludge owing to adsorption by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) during wastewater treatment, causing pathogenicity. However, conventional wastewater extraction methods often fail to fully extract these viruses from sludge. In this study, three methods: enzymatic (ENP), alkaline (ALP), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) pretreatments were applied to sludges and promote the RNA virus extraction from sludge. Our results show that the total recovery rate of RNA viruses increased by 87.73% after ENP pretreatment, whereas ALP pretreatment inhibited virus extraction. The highest recovery rate of viruses from sludge, reaching 296.80%, was achieved with EDTA pretreatment (EDP) coupled with ENP. Notably, the most significant increase was observed in the abundance of Astroviruses, which increased from 7.60 × 107 to 7.86 × 108 copies/g TSS after EDP + ENP treatment. Our investigations revealed that virus extraction was affected by a class of short-wavelength protein substances, as opposed to tryptophan or tyrosine, which were eluted by proteins with beef paste buffer by substitution after EDP + ENP treatment. The results of this study provide essential insights for sludge-based epidemiology with the required sensitivity for managing the extraction of RNA epidemic viruses to control viral transmission.

Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of 26CrMo7S Steel Used in Oil Exploration.

The hot deformation behavior and flow stress characteristics of experimental 26CrMo7S steel were analyzed using a thermal simulator under a range of conditions, including a strain rate range of 0.01~10 s-1, a temperature range of 850~1250 °C, and a maximum deformation amount of 70%. The Arrhenius constitutive model was built for the corresponding conditions, and the model's accuracy was verified through error analysis. Additionally, hot processing maps were constructed to analyze the processing zone of the steel under different hot deformation conditions. Finally, the microstructure of the processing zones was observed and verified using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The results indicate that the interaction of work hardening and dynamic softening influences the hot deformation behavior of 26CrMo7S steel. The Arrhenius constitutive equation with a value of the correlation coefficient (r = 0.99523) accurately predicts the flow behavior of 26CrMo7S steel under different strains. The optimal processing zone obtained with the hot processing maps is within a deformation range of 1010~1190 °C and a strain rate range of 0.01~10-1.5 s-1, and the obtained microstructure is in good agreement with the analysis results.

Corrigendum: Triticeae crop genome biology: an endless frontier.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1222681.].

Time series single-cell transcriptional atlases reveal cell fate differentiation driven by light in Arabidopsis seedlings.

Light serves as the energy source for plants as well as a signal for growth and development during their whole life cycle. Seedling de-etiolation is the most dramatic manifestation of light-regulated plant development processes, as massive reprogramming of the plant transcriptome occurs at this time. Although several studies have reported about organ-specific development and expression induced by light, a systematic analysis of cell-type-specific differentiation and the associated transcriptional regulation is still lacking. Here we obtained single-cell transcriptional atlases for etiolated, de-etiolating and light-grown Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. Informative cells from shoot and root tissues were grouped into 48 different cell clusters and finely annotated using multiple markers. With the determination of comprehensive developmental trajectories, we demonstrate light modulation of cell fate determination during guard cell specialization and vasculature development. Comparison of expression atlases between wild type and the pifq mutant indicates that phytochrome-interacting factors (PIFs) are involved in distinct developmental processes in endodermal and stomatal lineage cells via controlling cell-type-specific expression of target genes. These results provide information concerning the light signalling networks at the cell-type resolution, improving our understanding of how light regulates plant development at the cell-type and genome-wide levels. The obtained information could serve as a valuable resource for comprehensively investigating the molecular mechanism of cell development and differentiation in response to light.

The Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Patient-Reported Outcomes of Chronic Low Back Pain with Modic Changes at One Year: A Prospective Cohort Study.

STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with unfavourable patient-reported outcomes after spine surgery. Chronic low back pain (CLBP) with Modic Changes (MCs) in the lumbar vertebrae, as observed on MRI, forms a specific subgroup. This study aims to investigate the potential influence of DM on CLBP with MCs. METHODS: This study involved 259 patients with CLBP accompanied MCs. We recorded the patient-reported outcomes (visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ)) at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to determine predictors of patient-reported outcomes. RESULTS: 103 patients had DM. Patients with DM exhibited higher VAS (P < .05), ODI (P < .001), and RMDQ (P < .001) scores at 3, 6, and 12 months, while patients without DM experienced more significant improvements in the scores over time (P < .001). Patients with DM reported longer durations of physical exercise (P = .007). Additionally, patients without DM had a significantly higher patient satisfaction index (P < .001) and a lower prevalence of hypertension (P < .001). Notably, significant differences were observed in the distribution of MCs of lumbar vertebrae (P = .034) and Pfirrmann grades of intervertebral disc degeneration between two groups (P < .001). CONCLUSION: Patients with DM demonstrated poorer patient-reported outcomes compared to those without DM in 1-year. DM emerged as an independent predictor of adverse patient-reported outcomes. It can be utilized to enhance the management and treatment of CLBP in patients with MCs.

Should we initiate vasopressors earlier in patients with septic shock: A mini systemic review.

Septic shock treatment remains a major challenge for intensive care units, despite the recent prominent advances in both management and outcomes. Vasopressors serve as a cornerstone of septic shock therapy, but there is still controversy over the timing of administration. Specifically, it remains unclear whether vasopressors should be used early in the course of treatment. Here, we provide a systematic review of the literature on the timing of vasopressor administration. Research was systematically identified through PubMed, Embase and Cochrane searching according to PRISMA guidelines. Fourteen studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in the review. The pathophysiological basis for early vasopressor use was classified, with the exploration on indications for the early administration of mono-vasopressors or their combination with vasopressin or angiotensinII. We found that mortality was 28.1%-47.7% in the early vasopressors group, and 33.6%-54.5% in the control group. We also investigated the issue of vasopressor responsiveness. Furthermore, we acknowledged the subsequent challenge of administration of high-dose norepinephrine via peripheral veins with early vasopressor use. Based on the literature review, we propose a possible protocol for the early initiation of vasopressors in septic shock resuscitation.

Effects of dissolved organic matter removal and molecular transformation in different water treatment processes on formation of disinfection byproducts.

Alterations in molecular composition of dissolved organic matter (DOM) during water treatments can influence the composition and toxicity of disinfection by-products (DBPs) in subsequent chlorination disinfection process. In this study, the impacts of DOM composition after various water treatment techniques (coagulation, adsorption, nanofiltration, biological aerated filter (BAF), and their integrated processes) on the generation mechanisms of DBPs were comprehensively explored by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) in combination with GC-MS and LC-MS analysis. The results indicated that coagulation preferentially removed unsaturated (low H/C) and oxidized (high O/C) compounds, whereas adsorption was prone to remove the reduced (low O/C) component that was more reactive with chlorine, leading to lower yields (µg DBP/mg DOC) of trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs) during subsequent chlorination. The coagulation-adsorption technique exhibited a relatively high removal of both known and unknown DBPs, demonstrating that coagulation and adsorption were complementary for DOM removal at the molecular level. Nanofiltration selectively removed molecules with relatively high O/C, however, those with very low O/C that were more reactive with chlorine could pass through the nanofiltration membrane, resulting in the highest yields of THMs and HAAs. Although BAF was inefficient in removing DBPs precursors, it could convert molecules with low degree of oxidation and unsaturation into highly oxidized and unsaturated ones, thereby significantly enhancing the removal of DBPs precursors in the subsequent coagulation-adsorption process. These findings are instrumental in developing and selecting more effective techniques to minimize the formation of DBPs in water treatment.

Design of carbazole-based platinum complexes with steric hindrance for efficient organic light-emitting diodes.

The construction of platinum complexes with high steric hindrance is expected to suppress triple-triplet annihilation and π-π stacking to achieve high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with low efficiency roll-off. Herein, two large steric hindrance platinum complexes (N-CzPhPtacac and N-CzCF3PhPtacac) were prepared by taking advantage of steric hindrance between the phenyl group on carbazole and the functional group (phenyl and trifluoromethyl substituted phenyl) at the 3-position of a pyridine moiety. Due to the similar electron cloud distribution and gap difference between the HOMO and LUMO, the two complexes showed similar orange-red emission peaks at 590 and 596 nm with high PL quantum yields of 90% and 92% and short excited state lifetimes of 2.77 and 3.08 µs in doped films, respectively. Consequently, OLEDs based on N-CzPhPtacac and N-CzCF3PhPtacac showed maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) values of 15.4% and 18.9%, respectively. Importantly, benefitting from the more stretched spatial configuration from the -CF3 effect, the corresponding OLED exhibited a lower efficiency roll-off, with an EQE of 18.1% at 1000 cd m-2.

Environmental impact and optimization suggestions of pig manure and wastewater treatment systems from a life cycle perspective.

With the rapid development of the pig farming industry in China, a large amount of pig manure is inevitably generated. The management and utilization of pig manure in a sustainable approach require a systematic analysis of the environmental impacts generated from the existing pig manure treatment and disposal routes. In this study, three typical pig manure treatment and disposal routes: pig manure solid-liquid separation, i) wastewater biological treatment, direct land application of manure/sludge; ii) black-film anaerobic digestion of wastewater, mono-composting of manure/sludge and land use; iii) wastewater biological treatment, co-composting of manure/sludge and land use, were comparatively assessed in terms of their environmental impacts using the life cycle assessment. The results show that the added chemicals in wastewater treatment and the consumed electricity in composting the manure/sludge are the two main contributors to all environmental impacts. Thus, using green chemicals, controlling the dosage of added chemicals accurately, and selecting composting types with low energy consumption will significantly reduce the environmental burden of pig manure treatment and disposal routes. For the global warming potential of the evaluated three pig manure treatment and disposal routes, direct emissions of greenhouse gases during the composting process contribute the most, accounting for 77 %, 95 %, and 79 %, respectively. Furthermore, the struvite recovery with anaerobic digestion from pig manure will bring excellent environmental benefits, which will markedly offset the toxicity impacts and carbon emissions derived from pig manure treatment and disposal process. Overall, this work quantitatively evaluates the potential environmental impacts of the existing pig manure treatment and disposal routes, providing insights on optimization for future technical improvement and development.

Triticeae crop genome biology: an endless frontier.

Triticeae, the wheatgrass tribe, includes several major cereal crops and their wild relatives. Major crops within the Triticeae are wheat, barley, rye, and oat, which are important for human consumption, animal feed, and rangeland protection. Species within this tribe are known for their large genomes and complex genetic histories. Powered by recent advances in sequencing technology, researchers worldwide have made progress in elucidating the genomes of Triticeae crops. In addition to assemblies of high-quality reference genomes, pan-genome studies have just started to capture the genomic diversities of these species, shedding light on our understanding of the genetic basis of domestication and environmental adaptation of Triticeae crops. In this review, we focus on recent signs of progress in genome sequencing, pan-genome analyses, and resequencing analysis of Triticeae crops. We also propose future research avenues in Triticeae crop genomes, including identifying genome structure variations, the association of genomic regions with desired traits, mining functions of the non-coding area, introgression of high-quality genes from wild Triticeae resources, genome editing, and integration of genomic resources.

Gene expression variations and allele-specific expression of two rice and their hybrid in caryopses at single-nucleus resolution.

Seeds are an indispensable part of the flowering plant life cycle and a critical determinant of agricultural production. Distinct differences in the anatomy and morphology of seeds separate monocots and dicots. Although some progress has been made with respect to understanding seed development in Arabidopsis, the transcriptomic features of monocotyledon seeds at the cellular level are much less understood. Since most important cereal crops, such as rice, maize, and wheat, are monocots, it is essential to study transcriptional differentiation and heterogeneity during seed development at a finer scale. Here, we present single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) results of over three thousand nuclei from caryopses of the rice cultivars Nipponbare and 9311 and their intersubspecies F1 hybrid. A transcriptomics atlas that covers most of the cell types present during the early developmental stage of rice caryopses was successfully constructed. Additionally, novel specific marker genes were identified for each nuclear cluster in the rice caryopsis. Moreover, with a focus on rice endosperm, the differentiation trajectory of endosperm subclusters was reconstructed to reveal the developmental process. Allele-specific expression (ASE) profiling in endosperm revealed 345 genes with ASE (ASEGs). Further pairwise comparisons of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in each endosperm cluster among the three rice samples demonstrated transcriptional divergence. Our research reveals differentiation in rice caryopsis from the single-nucleus perspective and provides valuable resources to facilitate clarification of the molecular mechanism underlying caryopsis development in rice and other monocots.

The protein phosphatase PC1 dephosphorylates and deactivates CatC to negatively regulate H2O2 homeostasis and salt tolerance in rice.

Catalase (CAT) is often phosphorylated and activated by protein kinases to maintain hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) homeostasis and protect cells against stresses, but whether and how CAT is switched off by protein phosphatases remains inconclusive. Here, we identified a manganese (Mn2+)-dependent protein phosphatase, which we named PHOSPHATASE OF CATALASE 1 (PC1), from rice (Oryza sativa L.) that negatively regulates salt and oxidative stress tolerance. PC1 specifically dephosphorylates CatC at Ser-9 to inhibit its tetramerization and thus activity in the peroxisome. PC1 overexpressing lines exhibited hypersensitivity to salt and oxidative stresses with a lower phospho-serine level of CATs. Phosphatase activity and seminal root growth assays indicated that PC1 promotes growth and plays a vital role during the transition from salt stress to normal growth conditions. Our findings demonstrate that PC1 acts as a molecular switch to dephosphorylate and deactivate CatC and negatively regulate H2O2 homeostasis and salt tolerance in rice. Moreover, knockout of PC1 not only improved H2O2-scavenging capacity and salt tolerance but also limited rice grain yield loss under salt stress conditions. Together, these results shed light on the mechanisms that switch off CAT and provide a strategy for breeding highly salt-tolerant rice.

Conserved H3K27me3-associated chromatin looping mediates physical interactions of gene clusters in plants.

Higher-order chromatin organization is essential for transcriptional regulation, genome stability maintenance, and other genome functions. Increasing evidence has revealed significant differences in 3D chromatin organization between plants and animals. However, the extent, pattern, and rules of chromatin organization in plants are still unclear. In this study, we systematically identified and characterized long-range chromatin loops in the Arabidopsis 3D genome. We identified hundreds of long-range cis chromatin loops and found their anchor regions are closely associated with H3K27me3 epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, we demonstrated that these chromatin loops are dependent on Polycomb group (PcG) proteins, suggesting that the Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) complex is essential for establishing and maintaining these novel loops. Although most of these PcG-medicated chromatin loops are stable, many of these loops are tissue-specific or dynamically regulated by different treatments. Interestingly, tandemly arrayed gene clusters and metabolic gene clusters are enriched in anchor regions. Long-range H3K27me3-marked chromatin interactions are associated with the coregulation of specific gene clusters. Finally, we also identified H3K27me3-associated chromatin loops associated with gene clusters in Oryza sativa and Glycine max, indicating that these long-range chromatin loops are conserved in plants. Our results provide novel insights into genome evolution and transcriptional coregulation in plants.

Two-dimensional MoSi2As4-based field-effect transistors integrating switching and gas-sensing functions.

Multifunctional nanoscale devices integrating multiple functions are of great importance for meeting the requirements of next-generation electronics. Herein, using first-principles calculations, we propose multifunctional devices based on the two-dimensional monolayer MoSi2As4, where a single-gate field-effect transistor (FET) and FET-type gas sensor are integrated. After introducing the optimizing strategies, such as underlap structures and dielectrics with a high dielectric constant (κ), we designed a 5 nm gate-length MoSi2As4 FET, whose performance fulfilled the key criteria of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) for high-performance semiconductors. Under the joint adjustment of the underlap structure and high-κ dielectric material, the on/off ratio of the 5 nm gate-length FET reached up to 1.38 × 104. In addition, driven by the high-performance FET, the MoSi2As4-based FET-type gas sensor showed a sensitivity of 38% for NH3 and 46% for NO2. Moreover, the weak interaction between NH3 (NO2) and MoSi2As4 favored the recycling of the sensor. Furthermore, the sensitivity of the sensor could be effectively improved by the gate voltage, and was increased up to 67% (74%) for NH3 (NO2). Our work provides theoretical guidance for the fabrication of multifunctional devices combining a high-performance FET and sensitive gas sensor.

DDT-RELATED PROTEIN4-IMITATION SWITCH alters nucleosome distribution to relieve transcriptional silencing in Arabidopsis.

DNA methylation is a conserved epigenetic modification that is typically associated with silencing of transposable elements and promoter methylated genes. However, some DNA-methylated loci are protected from silencing, allowing transcriptional flexibility in response to environmental and developmental cues. Through a genetic screen in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), we uncovered an antagonistic relationship between the MICRORCHIDIA (MORC) protein and the IMITATION SWITCH (ISWI) complex in regulating the DNA-methylated SUPPRESSOR OF DRM1 DRM2 CMT3 (SDC) reporter. We demonstrate that components of the plant-specific ISWI complex, including CHROMATIN REMODELING PROTEIN11 (CHR11), CHR17, DDT-RELATED PROTEIN4 (DDR4), and DDR5, function to partially derepress silenced genes and transposable elements (TEs), through their function in regulating nucleosome distribution. This action also requires the known transcriptional activator DNAJ proteins, providing a mechanistic link between nucleosome remodeling and transcriptional activation. Genome-wide studies revealed that DDR4 causes changes in nucleosome distribution at numerous loci, a subset of which is associated with changes in DNA methylation and/or transcription. Our work reveals a mechanism for balancing transcriptional flexibility and faithful silencing of DNA-methylated loci. As both ISWI and MORC family genes are widely distributed across plant and animal species, our findings may represent a conserved eukaryotic mechanism for fine-tuning gene expression under epigenetic regulation.

Comprehensive comparison of three techniques for the treatment of adjacent segment degeneration after lumbar fusion.

Purpose: Adjacent segment degeneration (ASD) following lumbar fusion is technically challenging for spine surgeons. Posterolateral open fusion surgery with pedicle screw fixation is an effective way to treat symptomatic ASD with favorable clinical outcomes; however, it is associated with an increased morbidity rate. Therefore, minimally invasive spine surgery is advocated. This study was designed to compare clinical outcomes among patients with symptomatic ASD who underwent percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy (PTED) with the transforaminal approach, posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) with cortical bone trajectory screw fixation (CBT-PLIF), and PLIF with traditional trajectory screw fixation (TT-PLIF). Methods: A retrospective study was conductedon 46 patients (26 men and 20 women; average age 60.8 ± 6.78 years) with symptomatic ASD. The patients were treated with three approaches. The operation time, incision length, time to return to work, complications, and the like were compared among three groups. Intervertebral disc (IVD) space height, angular motion, and vertebral slippage were obtained to assess spine biomechanical stability following surgery. The visual analog scale (VAS) score and Oswestry disability index were evaluated at preoperation and 1-week, 3-month, and the latest follow-ups. Clinical global outcomes were also estimated using modified MacNab criteria. Results: The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, and time to return to work for the PTED group were significantly decreased compared with those for the other two groups (P < 0.05). The radiological indicators in the CBT-PLIF group and TT-PLIF group had better biomechanical stability compared with those in the PTED groups at the latest follow-up (P < 0.05). The back pain VAS score in the CBT-PLIF group was significantly decreased compared with those in the other two groups at the latest follow-up (P < 0.05). The good-to-excellent rate was 82.35% in the PTED group, 88.89% in the CBT-PLIF group, and 85.00% in the TT-PLIF group. No serious complications were encountered. Two patients experienced dysesthesia in the PTED group; screw malposition was found in one patient in the CBT-PLIF group. One case with a dural matter tear was observed in the TT-PLIF group. Conclusion: All three approaches can treat patients with symptomatic ASD efficiently and safely. Functional recovery was more accelerated in the PTED group compared with the other approaches in the short term; CBT-PLIF and TT-PLIF can provide superior biomechanical stability to the lumbosacral spine following decompression compared with PTED; however, compared with TT-PLIF, CBT-PLIF can significantly reduce back pain caused by iatrogenic muscle injury and improve functional recovery. Therefore, superior clinical outcomes were achieved in the CBT-PLIF group compared with the PTED and TT-PLIF groups in the long term.